Plastic surgery involves altering, reconstructing, and restoring the human body. There are two basic subfields of plastic surgery: reconstructive and cosmetic. Reconstructive surgeries include hand surgery, microsurgery, and craniofacial surgery. They can also be used to treat a variety of conditions, such as burns. Below, we'll discuss each....

The complexities of plastic surgery lie in the relationship between the patient and the surgeon. This relationship is more personal than that of other doctors, and the role of the body in the patient's life implies a risk of objectification. The patient's soul may also play a role, as reflected in their self-image. Despite the technical...

There are several risks associated with breast augmentation, from the risk of an under or oversensitive nipple to a numb patch near the incisions. These problems usually go away with time, but some people may have persistent symptoms for years. Surgical complications are possible, including implant rupturing and ruptured skin. The nipple area may...